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Posts Tagged ‘developing world’

A Screen Reader in Sierra Leone

Thursday, April 14th, 2011

flag of Sierra LeoneI entered an electrical store in central Freetown in Sierra Leone with a colleague who wanted to buy an appliance. I had tagged along just for company, but almost immediately the store assistants started addressing me, instead of my colleague who had a visible disability. He had a doctorate from the UK, and served on a number of state councils, but was almost instantly dismissed from being a prospective customer. “Anyone disabled is automatically assumed as being there for handouts,” he said.

Current state of disabilities in Sierra Leone

International attention to disability in Sierra Leone has frequently focused on the civil war and the use of blinding and amputations as a weapon of war. Extreme poverty and a lack of healthcare has meant that Sierra Leone has a high incidence of preventable or curable blindness and disabilities related to diseases such as polio, for which there was no nationwide eradication plan till as recently as 1998. The interruption of medical facilities during the war recently has meant that Sierra Leone is among the countries with the highest number of young people disabled by polio. Continue reading A Screen Reader in Sierra Leone

The Future of Braille in Developing Countries

Monday, November 22nd, 2010

Braille

Approximately 87% of the 314 million people with vision impairments worldwide live in developing countries, making this the most prevalent impairment worldwide. Less than 10% of those with visual impairments have access to formal education, and only 3% are literate (WHO). The provision of information in alternative formats (i.e. audio, Braille) is essential to accessing education, employment and all forms of social participation, and the lack of this provision is a violation of international human rights (Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities – CRPD).

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Disability in the Media: Issues for an Equitable Workplace

Tuesday, October 26th, 2010

movie theater

As a number of nations prepare for legislation and public action on disability rights in the wake of the UN Convention, a range of issues that impact popular perceptions of disability in the workplace need examination. The discussion of disability on film is not new. There are several books written on various aspects of the subject, and disability studies programs offer classes that run entire semesters on media issues. Though much progress has been made on subjects such as the relationship of screen depictions with the dominant models of thinking about disability in the western world, comparatively less has been written about the portrayal of disability in cinema in the rest of the world.

The canonical western cinema has followed a few dominant patterns regarding the portrayal of people with disabilities. Characters could typically be pitiable (Coming Home), burdensome (Whose life is it anyway?), sinister (Dr. Strangelove), or unable to live a successful integrated life (Gattaca). The fundamental underlying theme has been the disabled character’s maladjustment or incompatibility in the public sphere, effectively highlighting what we can be referred to as an “otherness” from the non-disabled population.

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Choices of Communication for People with Hearing Loss in Developing Countries

Wednesday, October 13th, 2010

assistive listening devices symbol
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 278 million people with hearing loss in the world and 80% of them live in low and middle income countries. The vast majority of the latter have never attended school, are illiterate and unemployed. There is a growing awareness and discussion about the potential socioeconomic benefits of assistive and accessible information and communication technologies, but it has yet to be seen if this momentum is rooted in the expressed needs and wants of the diverse communities of people with hearing loss.

The primary focus within the international development community is prevention, early identification (i.e. universal newborn screening), and treatment through the provision of hearing aids and related rehabilitation services. This is sensible given that 1) 50% or hearing impairment cases are preventable and greatly linked to conditions of poverty; and 2) at least 90% of people with hearing impairments would benefit from hearing aids yet fewer than 1 in 40 people have access to them (WHO).

Continue reading Choices of Communication for People with Hearing Loss in Developing Countries